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Expression Levels of Metalloproteinase 9 and TIMP-1 in PBMCs of Patients with Coronary Artery Disease and Heart Failure in an Iraqi Population
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S Jumah Abd *    |
| 1.Department of Environmental Health, College of Energy and Environmental Sciences, University of Al-Karkh of Science, Baghdad, Iraq. , MSCsura.j.a@kus.edu.iq |
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Abstract: (27 Views) |
Background and Objective: Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and its tissue inhibitor TIMP-1 play important roles in extracellular matrix remodeling and are implicated in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD) and heart failure (HF). However, data on their gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), particularly in Middle Eastern populations, remain limited. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of the MMP-9 gene and its inhibitor, TIMP-1, in the diagnosis of heart disease.
Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 300 individuals across three groups: healthy controls (n=60), patients with coronary artery disease without heart failure (n=80), and patients with coronary artery disease with heart failure (n=160). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from peripheral blood, RNA was extracted, and the gene expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 was measured and compared using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), with GAPDH used as the reference gene for normalization.
Findings: MMP-9 expression was significantly elevated in CAD+HF patients compared to both CAD-only patients and healthy controls (p<0.001), with a 3.2-fold increase observed. In contrast, TIMP-1 expression was significantly decreased in CAD patients compared to controls (p=0.02), and further reduced in CAD+HF cases (p<0.001). Consequently, the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio showed a marked imbalance correlating with disease severity.
Conclusion: The results of the study showed that altered expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is associated with the presence and progression of coronary artery disease and heart failure. Therefore, these markers can be used as potential indicators of disease severity.
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Article number: e62 |
| Keywords: MMP-9, Heart Failure, Coronary Artery Disease, Iraq, Transcriptional Activity. |
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Full-Text [PDF 848 kb]
(11 Downloads)
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Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Cardiovascular
Received: 2025/06/7 | Accepted: 2025/08/5 | Published: 2026/03/21
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